Budget
A household budget is a document where we project future cash incomes (for example, revenue that we get through our jobs or businesses), and future-cash expenses (eg costs involved in meeting family needs or the payment of debts.)
The main objective of developing a family budget is to have more control of our expenses, taking care that the difference between revenues and expenditures, is maximized.
Let's look at what the objectives or reasons to develop a family budget:
The main objective of developing a family budget is to have more control of our expenses, taking care that the difference between revenues and expenditures, is maximized.
Let's look at what the objectives or reasons to develop a family budget:
• know your level of savings (income minus expenses) and, thus, whether we are achieving an adequate savings level, or is necessary to reduce some expenses, or find new sources of income (for example, new businesses or investments).
• identify items where the highest percentage of expenditures and, thus, consider whether you can reduce expenses in that game.
• know our level of indebtedness (expenses resulting from payment of debts) and, thus, whether we should limit the use of debt or, in any case, if you can buy new ones.
Let’s see a model of the basic structure of a family budget:
• identify items where the highest percentage of expenditures and, thus, consider whether you can reduce expenses in that game.
• know our level of indebtedness (expenses resulting from payment of debts) and, thus, whether we should limit the use of debt or, in any case, if you can buy new ones.
Let’s see a model of the basic structure of a family budget:
REVENUE
Salary
Business
Investment
Pensions
TOTAL INCOME
EXPENSES
Share or lease
Food
Water
Light
Gas
Phone
Cable
Internet
College
Transportation
Clothing
Personal Care
Recreation
Car share
Car Fuel
Car Maintenance
Credit Cards
Loans / credits
Sundry
TOTAL EXPENDITURES
BALANCE (Income - Expenses)
Salary
Business
Investment
Pensions
TOTAL INCOME
EXPENSES
Share or lease
Food
Water
Light
Gas
Phone
Cable
Internet
College
Transportation
Clothing
Personal Care
Recreation
Car share
Car Fuel
Car Maintenance
Credit Cards
Loans / credits
Sundry
TOTAL EXPENDITURES
BALANCE (Income - Expenses)
Business Budget
Develop a budget allows companies, governments, private organizations or families set priorities and assess achievement of its objectives. To achieve these purposes, you may need to incur a deficit (which expenses exceed income) or, conversely, it may be possible to save, in which case the budget was in surplus (revenues exceed expenses).
In the area of trade, budget is also a document or report detailing the cost to have a service should be. Which makes the budget should be adhered to it, and you can not change if the customer accepts the service
In the area of trade, budget is also a document or report detailing the cost to have a service should be. Which makes the budget should be adhered to it, and you can not change if the customer accepts the service
Features budgets
• the main function of the budget relates to the financial control of the organization.
• Budgetary control is the process of discovering what is being done by comparing the results with budgeted data corresponding to verify the achievements or remedy the differences.
• Budgets can play both preventive and corrective roles within the organization.
These 3 are the most important functions broadly speaking
• the main function of the budget relates to the financial control of the organization.
• Budgetary control is the process of discovering what is being done by comparing the results with budgeted data corresponding to verify the achievements or remedy the differences.
• Budgets can play both preventive and corrective roles within the organization.
These 3 are the most important functions broadly speaking
Budgets are useful in most organizations as utilitarian (business companies), non-utilitarian (government agencies), large (multinational conglomerates) and small businesses.
• Budgets are important because they help minimize the risk in the operations of the organization.
• Through the budget remains the operating plan of the company within reasonable limits.
• Serve as a mechanism for review of policies and corporate strategies and direction to what is really being sought.
• quantify in financial terms the various components of your overall plan of action.
• Budgets are important because they help minimize the risk in the operations of the organization.
• Through the budget remains the operating plan of the company within reasonable limits.
• Serve as a mechanism for review of policies and corporate strategies and direction to what is really being sought.
• quantify in financial terms the various components of your overall plan of action.
• Budget items serve as guides for the implementation of personnel programs in a given period, and serve as a standard for comparison once you have completed the plans and programs.
• The procedures induce advisory specialists to think about the companies' total needs, and to engage in planning so that they can be assigned to various components and options the necessary importance.
• Budgets serve as a means of communication between units at some level and vertically between executives from one level to another. A network of budget estimates is filtered up through successive levels for further analysis.
• The gaps, duplication or positions can be detected and treated at the time that managers observe their behavior in relation to the development of the budget.
• The procedures induce advisory specialists to think about the companies' total needs, and to engage in planning so that they can be assigned to various components and options the necessary importance.
• Budgets serve as a means of communication between units at some level and vertically between executives from one level to another. A network of budget estimates is filtered up through successive levels for further analysis.
• The gaps, duplication or positions can be detected and treated at the time that managers observe their behavior in relation to the development of the budget.
MAJOR BUDGET ITEMS
The budget is a plan, which means that expresses what the administration will seek to achieve.
Integrator
Indicates that takes into account all the areas and activities of the company. Addressed to each of the areas in order to contribute to achieving the overall objective. It is undisputed that the plan or budget of a department of the company is not functional if not identical with the overall objective of the organization; this process is known as a master budget, made up of different areas in it.
Coordinator
means that plans for several departments of the company should be prepared jointly and in harmony. In monetary terms, means it must be expressed in monetary units.
Operations
one of the primary objectives of the budget is the definition of revenue that can be obtained, and the costs that will occur. This information should be developed in as much detail as possible
means that plans for several departments of the company should be prepared jointly and in harmony. In monetary terms, means it must be expressed in monetary units.
Operations
one of the primary objectives of the budget is the definition of revenue that can be obtained, and the costs that will occur. This information should be developed in as much detail as possible
Resources
It is not enough to meet the income and expenditure of the future, the company must plan the resources needed to carry out their plans of operation, which is accomplished with financial planning including:
• Budget cash.
• Budget for asset additions.
It is not enough to meet the income and expenditure of the future, the company must plan the resources needed to carry out their plans of operation, which is accomplished with financial planning including:
• Budget cash.
• Budget for asset additions.
BUDGET OBJECTIVES
• Plan the results of the organization money and volumes.
• Monitor the management of revenues and expenditures of the company.
• Coordinate and link the activities of the organization.
• Achieve the results of regular operations
ADVANTAGES PROVIDED BY BUDGET
• lobby for senior management to properly define objectives.
• To ensure that define an adequate organizational structure, determining the responsibility and authority of each of the parts of the organization.
• Increase the participation of different levels of the organization.
• obligated to maintain an archive of historical data manageable.
• Facilitate the optimal use of different inputs.
• Facilitate the sharing and integration of different areas.
• obligated to conduct periodic self-examination.
• Facilitate administrative control.
• They are a challenge to exercise creativity and professional approach in order to improve the company.
• Help to achieve better efficiency in operations.
All these advantages help to ensure proper planning and control in enterprises.
• lobby for senior management to properly define objectives.
• To ensure that define an adequate organizational structure, determining the responsibility and authority of each of the parts of the organization.
• Increase the participation of different levels of the organization.
• obligated to maintain an archive of historical data manageable.
• Facilitate the optimal use of different inputs.
• Facilitate the sharing and integration of different areas.
• obligated to conduct periodic self-examination.
• Facilitate administrative control.
• They are a challenge to exercise creativity and professional approach in order to improve the company.
• Help to achieve better efficiency in operations.
All these advantages help to ensure proper planning and control in enterprises.
IMPORTANCE OF THE BUDGET FOR THE MANAGEMENT
The organizations are part of an economic environment where uncertainty prevails, so they should plan their activities if they are to sustain in the competitive market, since the greater the uncertainty, the greater the risk assumed.
That is, the lower the degree of accuracy of prediction or of success, the greater the research to be conducted on the influence exercised factors uncontrollable by management on the final results of a business. The budget comes as a modern tool and control approach to reflect the behavior of economic indicators such statements and by virtue of their relationships with various accounting and financial administrative aspects of the company.
budgets are important because they help minimize the risk in the operations of the organization, plus:
• through the budget remains the operating plan of the company within reasonable limits.
• Serve as a mechanism for review of policies and corporate strategies and direction to what is really being sought.
• quantify in financial terms the various components of your overall plan of action.
• Budget items serve as guides for the implementation of personnel programs in a given period of time, and serve as a standard for comparison once you have completed the plans and programs.
• The procedures induce advisory specialists to think about the companies' total needs, and to engage in planning so that they can be assigned to various components and options the necessary importance.
• Budgets serve as a means of communication between units at some level and vertically between executives from one level to another. A network of budget estimates is filtered up through successive levels for further analysis.
• through the budget remains the operating plan of the company within reasonable limits.
• Serve as a mechanism for review of policies and corporate strategies and direction to what is really being sought.
• quantify in financial terms the various components of your overall plan of action.
• Budget items serve as guides for the implementation of personnel programs in a given period of time, and serve as a standard for comparison once you have completed the plans and programs.
• The procedures induce advisory specialists to think about the companies' total needs, and to engage in planning so that they can be assigned to various components and options the necessary importance.
• Budgets serve as a means of communication between units at some level and vertically between executives from one level to another. A network of budget estimates is filtered up through successive levels for further analysis.
Presupuesto
Se le llama presupuesto al cálculo anticipado de los ingresos y gastos de una actividad económica (personal, familiar, un negocio, una empresa, una oficina, un gobierno) durante un período, por lo general en forma anual. Es un plan de acción dirigido a cumplir una meta prevista, expresada en valores y términos financieros que, debe cumplirse en determinado tiempo y bajo ciertas condiciones previstas, este concepto se aplica a cada centro de responsabilidad de la organización. El presupuesto es el instrumento de desarrollo anual de las empresas o instituciones cuyos planes y programas se formulan por término de un año.
Presupuesto familiar
Un presupuesto familiar es un documento en donde proyectamos futuros ingresos dinerarios (por ejemplo, ingresos que obtendremos a través de nuestro empleo o negocios), y futuros egresos dinerarios (por ejemplo, los gastos implicados en cubrir necesidades familiares o en el pago de deudas contraídas).
El principal objetivo de elaborar un presupuesto familiar, es tener un mayor control de nuestros egresos, procurando siempre que la diferencia entre los ingresos y egresos, sea la mayor posible.
Veamos a continuación cuáles son los objetivos o razones de elaborar un presupuesto familiar:
- conocer nuestro nivel de ahorro (ingresos menos egresos) y, de ese modo, saber si estamos logrando un nivel de ahorro adecuado, o es necesario reducir algunos gastos, o buscar nuevas fuentes de ingresos (por ejemplo, nuevos negocios o inversiones).
- identificar las partidas donde se concentra el mayor porcentaje de egresos y, de ese modo, analizar si es posible reducir los gastos en dicha partida.
- conocer nuestro nivel de endeudamiento (egresos como consecuencia del pago de deudas) y, de ese modo, saber si debemos limitar el uso de deudas o, en todo caso, si es posible adquirir nuevas.
Veamos ahora un modelo de la estructura básica de un presupuesto familiar:
INGRESOS | |||
Sueldo | |||
Negocios | |||
Inversiones | |||
Pensiones | |||
TOTAL INGRESOS | |||
EGRESOS | |||
Cuota o arrendamiento | |||
Alimentos | |||
Agua | |||
Luz | |||
Gas | |||
Teléfono | |||
Cable | |||
Internet | |||
Colegio / universidad | |||
Transporte | |||
Vestimenta | |||
Cuidado personal | |||
Recreación | |||
Cuota automóvil | |||
Combustible automóvil | |||
Mantenimiento automóvil | |||
Tarjetas de crédito | |||
Préstamos / créditos | |||
Gastos varios | |||
TOTAL EGRESOS | |||
SALDO (Ingresos – Egresos) |
Presupuesto Empresarial
Elaborar un presupuesto permite a las empresas, los gobiernos, las organizaciones privadas o las familias establecer prioridades y evaluar la consecución de sus objetivos. Para alcanzar estos fines, puede ser necesario incurrir en déficit (que los gastos superen a los ingresos) o, por el contrario, puede ser posible ahorrar, en cuyo caso el presupuesto presentará un superávit (los ingresos superan a los gastos).
En el ámbito del comercio, presupuesto es también un documento o informe que detalla el coste que tendrá un servicio en caso de realizarse. El que realiza el presupuesto se debe atener a él, y no puede cambiarlo si el cliente acepta el servicio
Funciones de los presupuestos
- La principal función de los presupuestos se relaciona con el Control financiero de la organización.
- El control presupuestario es el proceso de descubrir qué es lo que se está haciendo, comparando los resultados con sus datos presupuestados correspondientes para verificar los logros o remediar las diferencias.
- Los presupuestos pueden desempeñar tanto roles preventivos como correctivos dentro de la organización.
Estas 3 funciones son las más importantes hablando en términos generales
Los presupuestos son útiles en la mayor parte de las organizaciones como: utilitaristas (compañías de negocios), no-utilitaristas (agencias gubernamentales), grandes (multinacionales, conglomerados) y pequeñas empresas.
- Los presupuestos son importantes porque ayudan a minimizar el riesgo en las operaciones de la organización.
- Por medio de los presupuestos se mantiene el plan de operaciones de la empresa en unos límites razonables.
- Sirven como mecanismo para la revisión de políticas y estrategias de la empresa y direccionarlas hacia lo que verdaderamente se busca.
- Cuantifican en términos financieros los diversos componentes de su plan total de acción.
- Las partidas del presupuesto sirven como guías durante la ejecución de programas de personal en un determinado período, y sirven como norma de comparación una vez que se hayan completado los planes y programas.
- Los procedimientos inducen a los especialistas de asesoría a pensar en las necesidades totales de las compañías, y a dedicarse a planear de modo que puedan asignarse a los varios componentes y alternativas la importancia necesaria.
- Los presupuestos sirven como medios de comunicación entre unidades a determinado nivel y verticalmente entre ejecutivos de un nivel a otro. Una red de estimaciones presupuestarias se filtran hacia arriba a través de niveles sucesivos para su ulterior análisis.
- Las lagunas, duplicaciones o sobre posiciones pueden ser detectadas y tratadas al momento en que los gerentes observan su comportamiento en relación con el desenvolvimiento del presupuesto.
El presupuesto es un plan, lo cual significa que expresa lo que la administración tratará de realizar.
Indica que toma en cuenta todas las áreas y actividades de la empresa. Dirigido a cada una de las áreas de forma que contribuya al logro del objetivo global. Es indiscutible que el plan o presupuesto de un departamento de la empresa no es funcional si no se identifica con el objetivo total de la organización, a este proceso se le conoce como presupuesto maestro, formado por las diferentes áreas que lo integran.
Significa que los planes para varios de los departamentos de la empresa deben ser preparados conjuntamente y en armonía. En términos monetarios: significa que debe ser expresado en unidades monetarias.
Uno de los objetivos primordiales del presupuesto es el de la determinación de los ingresos que se pretenden obtener, así como los gastos que se van a producir. Esta información debe elaborarse en la forma más detallada posible.
No es suficiente con conocer los ingresos y gastos del futuro, la empresa debe planear los recursos necesarios para realizar sus planes de operación, lo cual se logra, con la planeación financiera que incluya:
· Presupuesto de efectivo.
· Presupuesto de adiciones de activos.
· Planear los resultados de la organización en dinero y volúmenes.
· Controlar el manejo de ingresos y egresos de la empresa.
· Coordinar y relacionar las actividades de la organización.
· Lograr los resultados de las operaciones periódicas
· Presionan para que la alta gerencia defina adecuadamente los objetivos básicos.
· Propician que se defina una estructura organizacional adecuada, determinando la responsabilidad y autoridad de cada una de las partes que integran la organización.
· Incrementan la participación de los diferentes niveles de la organización.
· Facilitan la utilización óptima de los diferentes insumos.
· Facilitan la coparticipación e integración de las diferentes áreas.
· Obligan a realizar un auto análisis periódico.
· Facilitan el control administrativo.
· Son un reto para ejercitar la creatividad y criterio profesional , a fin de mejorar la empresa.
· Ayudan a lograr mejor eficiencia en las operaciones.
Todas estas ventajas ayudan a lograr una adecuada planeación y control en las empresas.
Las organizaciones hacen parte de un medio económico en el que predomina la incertidumbre, por ello deben planear sus actividades si pretenden sostenerse en el mercado competitivo, puesto que cuanto mayor sea la incertidumbre, mayores serán los riesgos por asumir.
Es decir, cuanto menor sea el grado de acierto de predicción o de acierto, mayor será la investigación que debe realizarse sobre la influencia que ejercerá los factores no controlables por la gerencia sobre los resultados finales de un negocio . El presupuesto surge como herramienta moderna del planteamiento y control al reflejar el comportamiento de indicadores económicos como los enunciados y en virtud de sus relaciones con los diferentes aspectos administrativos contables y financieros de la empresa.
Los presupuestos son importantes porque ayudan a minimizar el riesgo en las operaciones de la organización, además de:
· Por medio de los presupuestos se mantiene el plan de operaciones de la empresa en unos límites razonables.
· Sirven como mecanismo para la revisión de políticas y estrategias de la empresa y direccionarlas hacia lo que verdaderamente se busca.
· Cuantifican en términos financieros los diversos componentes de su plan total de acción.
· Las partidas del presupuesto sirven como guías durante la ejecución de programas de personal en un determinado periodo de tiempo, y sirven como norma de comparación una vez que se hayan completado los planes y programas.
· Los procedimientos inducen a los especialistas de asesoría a pensar en las necesidades totales de las compañías, y a dedicarse a planear de modo que puedan asignarse a los varios componentes y alternativas la importancia necesaria.
· Los presupuestos sirven como medios de comunicación entre unidades a determinado nivel y verticalmente entre ejecutivos de un nivel a otro. Una red de estimaciones presupuestarias se filtran hacia arriba a través de niveles sucesivos para su ulterior análisis.
